Structure
Noun + および
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Formal
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硬い
About および
及び is a word that functions as a conjunction meaning 'and' or 'as well as', but is originally the conjunctive form of 及ぶ, an う-Verb meaning 'to reach (A)', or 'to extend to (A)'. Although it is frequently translated simply as 'and', 及び is a grammar pattern that more literally reflects the meaning of the base verb 'to extend to (A)'.
Being a conjunction, 及び will primarily appear at the beginning of a second clause of a sentence, or directly following a noun that something else is 'in addition to'.
Being a conjunction, 及び will primarily appear at the beginning of a second clause of a sentence, or directly following a noun that something else is 'in addition to'.
- 免許書及び印鑑を持ってきてください。Please bring your driver's license and seal.
- 学校説明会に参加されたい方、及び体験入学をされたい方は8時から5時の間にこちらの電話番号までお電話をください。If you would like to participate in a school information session and enroll in a trial lesson, please call this number between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.
- 夕食及び朝食は別料金になります。Dinner and breakfast are charged separately.
- 帽子及びメガネは外してください。Hats and glasses must be removed.
- 当店の定休日は月曜日及び水曜日となっています。We are closed on Mondays as well as Wednesdays.
Synonyms
Examples
お知らせ:「大学生のための職探し、及び起業に関するセミナー。」
Notification: 'Seminar about job-hunting and starting a business for university students.'
顧客サポート及び払戻に関する事項。
Matters related to refunds and customer support.
憲法から:「国家は良心の自由及び信教の自由を保証すること。」
From the constitution: 'The state guarantees freedom of conscience and religious liberty.'
手帳及び日記等を見せてください。
Please show me things like your notebook and your diary.
旅館及びホテルへの連絡はご遠慮ください。
Please refrain from contacting the Ryokan as well as the hotel.
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Additional breakdown and sentences
E-Japanese
What are the differences amongst ならびに, かつ and および
Japanese StackExchange
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