Structure
Verb[る]+ ことになっている
Verb[ない]+ ことになっている
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Standard
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一般
About ことになっている
ことになっている is an alternation of ことになる, a grammar point showing that something has been decided by someone other than the speaker. It is a combination of the nominalizing use of こと (for creating noun-phrases), and the ている-form of the う-Verb なる 'to become'. The primary difference between ことになる and ことになっている is that the latter focuses more on that something is 'expected to (A)', or 'scheduled to (A)'. In other words, it is 'becoming that (A)', but has not actually happened yet.
This structure is often used after either the る or ない versions of verbs, in order to highlight the action which either is not not 'expected', or 'scheduled' to occur. Let's take a look at the 'scheduled to' meaning first.
This structure is often used after either the る or ない versions of verbs, in order to highlight the action which either is not not 'expected', or 'scheduled' to occur. Let's take a look at the 'scheduled to' meaning first.
- 授業は12時から始まることになっています。The class is scheduled to start at 12.
- 社長は来週の飲み会に参加しないことになっています。The president is scheduled to not come to the party next week.
- タクシーは左から乗ることになっている。It is expected for customers to get into the cab from the left side.
- 生徒たちは授業中に教室を出れないことになっている。Students are expected to not leave the classroom during class.
Synonyms
Examples
会議は東京にある官庁で行うことになっている。
The meeting is scheduled to take place in a government office in Tokyo.
寺の中に入る時は、礼儀として靴を脱ぐことになっている。
When you enter a temple, in terms of etiquette, you are expected to take off your shoes.
電車は規則正しい時間に駅を通過することになっている。
The train is scheduled to pass through the station at regular times.
この寮では、起床時間は6:00ということになっている。
In this dorm, it is expected that you are up by six o'clock.
うちの会社では、仕事中は敬語で話すことになっています。
At my company, it is expected that you speak using keigo while working.
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ことになっている
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ことになっている
Nihongoの森
文型・例文 ~ことになっている
日本語 NET
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Tobira
Page 70
[AIAIJ] An Integrated Approach to Intermediate Japanese
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ことになっている – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (4 in total)
Kert
There’s an example with “いろいろと引ひかれるので”
Could someone explain why is there a と? Is it a part of いろいろ?ljoekelsoey
いろいろと is the adverb form of いろいろ
Do you have the full sentence there?mrnoone
@Kert
Like @ljoekelsoey says, いろいろと is an adverb form of いろいろ.
The と is the quotation particle, but with its meaning extended/abstracted to expressions that are not simple quotations of speech.It is common with words that mimic sound (there are lots of those in Japanese!) - onomatopoeia.
Example:
どんどんと
As you can see, the と can be often omitted! (except when the “sound” is not repeated)The と function has been also extended to words that depict bodily feelings, psychological states that are not actual sounds at all, basically something even more abstract. So you can find also words like:
すっとする (to feel refreshed)I hope it helps a bit
Cheer...
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