Grammar Info

N2 Lesson 1: 4/23

～ざる

To not ~, Un~

Structure

Details

    About ～ざる

    ざる is the attributive form of the classical auxiliary verb ず. It keeps the same negation 'not' meaning as ず, and will conjugate with verbs in the same way as ない. ざる will also often be translated as 'un~', like in 'unstoppable'.
    In most cases, ざる will be seen attached to verbs that are describing a noun that comes directly after them.
    • 彼(かれ)はどんな辛(つら)い時(とき)でも弱音(よわね)を言(い)わざる人(ひと)だ。
      He is a person that will not complain, no matter how hard it gets.
    • 記事(きじ)のタイトル：「演歌(えんか)歌手(かしゅ)鈴木(すずき)太朗(たろう)の知(し)られざる過去(かこ)。」
      Title of an article: 'The unknown past of the enka singer Suzuki Taro.'
    Although ざる may be used in place of ない, in modern Japanese it is primarily only seen as part of common expressions or sayings, such as the ざるを得(え)ない 'have no choice but to (A)' grammar structure.
    Caution - As with many old-fashioned grammar patterns, ざる will conjugate with the せ stem of する, rather than the more modern し stem.
    • 病気(びょうき)や事故(じこ)などの理由(りゆう)で、宿泊(しゅくはく)をキャンセルせざるおえない場合(ばあい)はキャンセル料(りょう)は発生(はっせい)致(いた)しません。
      No cancellation fee will be charged if you need to cancel your stay due to illness or accident.
    Fun-fact - Some dictionaries list ざる as the attributive form of the classical auxiliary verb ざり. However, ざり itself is just a contraction of ず and あり 'to be'. Due to this, both variations may be considered as correct, with ず being the underlying origination.

    Examples

    • 絶(た)えざる失敗(しっぱい)にも、僕(ぼく)は決(けっ)して負(ま)けません。

      I will absolutely not lose, not even to unending failures.

    • たゆまざる努力(どりょく)をすることが、成功(せいこう)への鍵(かぎ)だ。

      Putting in unrelenting effort is the key to success.

    • あの作家(さっか)の知(し)られざる名画(めいが)を僕(ぼく)は知(し)っています。

      I know that artist's unknowable masterpiece.

    • 消(き)えざる傷(きず)を負(お)ってしまい、落(お)ち込(こ)んでいる。

      I suffered a wound that will not disappear, so I am depressed.

    • 嘘(うそ)をつかざる人(ひと)しか信頼(しんらい)することができない。

      You cannot trust anyone apart from a person who does not lie.

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